Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	12
Number of observations	1599
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	212
Duplicate rows (%)	13.3%
Total size in memory	150.0 KiB
Average record size in memory	96.1 B

Variable types

Numeric	12

Alerts

Dataset has 212 (13.3%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`volatile acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid`	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `pH`	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity`	High correlation
`fixed acidity` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`citric acid` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`residual sugar` is highly correlated with `density`	High correlation
`chlorides` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`free sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `total sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`total sulfur dioxide` is highly correlated with `free sulfur dioxide`	High correlation
`density` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`pH` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`sulphates` is highly correlated with `citric acid` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`alcohol` is highly correlated with `fixed acidity` and 1 other fields	High correlation

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-04-09 20:20:27.439721
Analysis finished	2023-04-09 20:21:12.677995
Duration	45.24 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.2.0
Download configuration	config.json

fixed acidity
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	96
Distinct (%)	6.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.599372207 × 10^-16

Minimum	-2.137044857
Maximum	4.355149169
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	969
Negative (%)	60.6%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-2.137044857
5-th percentile	-1.27524919
Q1	-0.7007187452
median	-0.2410943893
Q3	0.505795189
95-th percentile	1.999574346
Maximum	4.355149169
Range	6.492194027
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.206513934

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.779131428 × 10¹⁵
Kurtosis	1.132143398
Mean	3.599372207 × 10^-16
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5745304448
Skewness	0.9827514413
Sum	5.684341886 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.6432657007	67	4.2%
-0.7007187452	57	3.6%
-0.2985474338	53	3.3%
-0.4709065672	52	3.3%
-0.7581717897	50	3.1%
-0.3560004783	49	3.1%
-0.8730778786	46	2.9%
-0.4134535228	46	2.9%
-0.06873525585	45	2.8%
-0.5283596117	44	2.8%
Other values (86)	1090	68.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-2.137044857	1	0.1%
-2.079591813	1	0.1%
-1.964685724	1	0.1%
-1.907232679	6	0.4%
-1.849779635	4	0.3%
-1.79232659	6	0.4%
-1.734873546	4	0.3%
-1.677420501	5	0.3%
-1.619967457	1	0.1%
-1.562514412	14	0.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.355149169	1	0.1%
4.182790036	2	0.1%
4.125336992	2	0.1%
3.838071769	2	0.1%
3.435900458	1	0.1%
3.263541324	1	0.1%
3.148635235	1	0.1%
3.091182191	2	0.1%
2.976276102	1	0.1%
2.918823057	1	0.1%

volatile acidity
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	144
Distinct (%)	9.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-2.843948411 × 10^-16

Minimum	-2.818740701
Maximum	5.692614089
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	819
Negative (%)	51.2%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-2.818740701
5-th percentile	-1.418138014
Q1	-0.7178366708
median	-0.01753532733
Q3	0.628896682
95-th percentile	1.706283364
Maximum	5.692614089
Range	8.51135479
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.346733353

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-3.517338213 × 10¹⁵
Kurtosis	1.269831833
Mean	-2.843948411 × 10^-16
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.6464320094
Skewness	0.4745800227
Sum	-3.907985047 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.4134193456	47	2.9%
-0.1252739956	46	2.9%
-0.5023593344	43	2.7%
0.3595500115	39	2.4%
0.3056806774	38	2.4%
-0.8794446732	38	2.4%
-0.6639673367	37	2.3%
-0.7717060049	35	2.2%
-0.1791433297	35	2.2%
-0.7178366708	35	2.2%
Other values (134)	1206	75.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-2.818740701	14	0.9%
-2.172308692	3	0.2%
-1.956831355	2	0.1%
-1.849092687	10	0.6%
-1.795223353	2	0.1%
-1.741354019	3	0.2%
-1.687484685	6	0.4%
-1.633615351	6	0.4%
-1.579746017	5	0.3%
-1.525876683	13	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.692614089	1	0.1%
4.345880736	2	0.1%
3.861056729	1	0.1%
3.564775391	1	0.1%
3.537840724	1	0.1%
3.268494054	1	0.1%
3.187690053	1	0.1%
3.053016717	1	0.1%
2.945278049	1	0.1%
2.783670047	3	0.2%

citric acid
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	80
Distinct (%)	5.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-3.110568574 × 10^-17

Minimum	-1.391472278
Maximum	3.743573932
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	852
Negative (%)	53.3%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.391472278
5-th percentile	-1.391472278
Q1	-0.9293181188
median	-0.05636026327
Q3	0.7652471302
95-th percentile	1.689555448
Maximum	3.743573932
Range	5.135046209
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.694565249

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-3.215852081 × 10¹⁶
Kurtosis	-0.7889975154
Mean	-3.110568574 × 10^-17
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.8729578556
Skewness	0.3183372953
Sum	-1.207922651 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.391472278	132	8.3%
1.124700365	68	4.3%
-0.1590611875	51	3.2%
-1.288771353	50	3.1%
-0.05636026327	38	2.4%
-0.8779676567	35	2.2%
-0.9806685809	33	2.1%
-0.3131125737	33	2.1%
-1.340121816	33	2.1%
0.2517425093	32	2.0%
Other values (70)	1094	68.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.391472278	132	8.3%
-1.340121816	33	2.1%
-1.288771353	50	3.1%
-1.237420891	30	1.9%
-1.186070429	29	1.8%
-1.134719967	20	1.3%
-1.083369505	24	1.5%
-1.032019043	22	1.4%
-0.9806685809	33	2.1%
-0.9293181188	30	1.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.743573932	1	0.1%
2.665214228	1	0.1%
2.613863766	1	0.1%
2.511162841	3	0.2%
2.459812379	1	0.1%
2.408461917	4	0.3%
2.357111455	3	0.2%
2.305760993	1	0.1%
2.254410531	1	0.1%
2.203060069	2	0.1%

residual sugar
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	92
Distinct (%)	5.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-6.387774751 × 10^-17

Minimum	-1.766791648
Maximum	9.099651083
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	1164
Negative (%)	72.8%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.766791648
5-th percentile	-0.7152004157
Q1	-0.4347760872
median	-0.2244578408
Q3	0.05596648771
95-th percentile	1.808618541
Maximum	9.099651083
Range	10.86644273
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4907425749

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-1.565980144 × 10¹⁶
Kurtosis	27.44721975
Mean	-6.387774751 × 10^-17
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2103182464
Skewness	4.377839208
Sum	-6.838973832 × 10^-14
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.3646700051	156	9.8%
-0.2244578408	131	8.2%
-0.5048821694	129	8.1%
-0.294563923	128	8.0%
-0.4347760872	117	7.3%
-0.1543517587	109	6.8%
-0.08424567656	84	5.3%
0.05596648771	79	4.9%
-0.5749882515	76	4.8%
-0.01413959443	74	4.6%
Other values (82)	516	32.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.766791648	12	0.8%
-1.135836909	2	0.1%
-0.9255186621	8	0.5%
-0.85541258	5	0.3%
-0.7853064979	35	2.2%
-0.7152004157	30	1.9%
-0.6450943336	58	3.6%
-0.6100412926	2	0.1%
-0.5749882515	76	4.8%
-0.5399352104	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.099651083	1	0.1%
9.029545001	2	0.1%
7.977953769	1	0.1%
7.907847687	2	0.1%
7.627423358	1	0.1%
7.276892947	1	0.1%
5.944877387	2	0.1%
5.73455914	1	0.1%
4.542755744	1	0.1%
4.472649662	1	0.1%

chlorides
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	153
Distinct (%)	9.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.554935513 × 10^-16

Minimum	-1.603944891
Maximum	11.12703455
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	1125
Negative (%)	70.4%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.603944891
5-th percentile	-0.7112885694
Q1	-0.3712290183
median	-0.1799455208
Q3	0.05384542064
95-th percentile	0.8211047829
Maximum	11.12703455
Range	12.73097945
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4250744389

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.813870571 × 10¹⁵
Kurtosis	41.71578725
Mean	3.554935513 × 10^-16
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2125372194
Skewness	5.680346572
Sum	5.69322367 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.1586917988	66	4.1%
-0.2862141305	55	3.4%
-0.2437066866	51	3.2%
-0.2011992427	51	3.2%
-0.07367691103	49	3.1%
-0.3499752963	47	2.9%
-0.2224529646	47	2.9%
-0.1161843549	46	2.9%
-0.2649604085	45	2.8%
-0.1799455208	43	2.7%
Other values (143)	1099	68.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.603944891	2	0.1%
-1.136363008	1	0.1%
-1.051348121	2	0.1%
-1.030094399	4	0.3%
-0.9875869547	4	0.3%
-0.9663332327	3	0.2%
-0.9450795108	1	0.1%
-0.9238257888	5	0.3%
-0.9025720669	4	0.3%
-0.8813183449	4	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11.12703455	1	0.1%
11.10578083	1	0.1%
8.066498594	1	0.1%
8.002737428	1	0.1%
7.110081106	1	0.1%
6.961305053	3	0.2%
6.940051331	2	0.1%
6.918797609	1	0.1%
6.706260389	1	0.1%
6.663752946	1	0.1%

free sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	60
Distinct (%)	3.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-6.498866486 × 10^-17

Minimum	-1.422500195
Maximum	5.367284318
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	924
Negative (%)	57.8%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.422500195
5-th percentile	-1.135607892
Q1	-0.8487155883
median	-0.1793002138
Q3	0.4901151607
95-th percentile	1.82894591
Maximum	5.367284318
Range	6.789784513
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.338830749

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-1.539211252 × 10¹⁶
Kurtosis	2.023562046
Mean	-6.498866486 × 10^-17
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.6694153745
Skewness	1.250567293
Sum	-1.199040867 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.9443463561	138	8.6%
-1.039977124	104	6.5%
-0.5618232849	79	4.9%
-0.08366944599	78	4.9%
-0.3705617493	75	4.7%
-0.8487155883	71	4.4%
-0.6574540527	62	3.9%
0.0119613218	61	3.8%
0.1075920896	60	3.8%
-0.4661925171	59	3.7%
Other values (50)	812	50.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.422500195	3	0.2%
-1.326869427	1	0.1%
-1.231238659	49	3.1%
-1.135607892	41	2.6%
-1.039977124	104	6.5%
-0.9921617399	1	0.1%
-0.9443463561	138	8.6%
-0.8487155883	71	4.4%
-0.7530848205	56	3.5%
-0.6574540527	62	3.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.367284318	1	0.1%
4.984761247	2	0.1%
4.793499711	1	0.1%
3.932822801	1	0.1%
3.741561265	2	0.1%
3.645930498	1	0.1%
3.55029973	1	0.1%
3.454668962	3	0.2%
3.359038194	4	0.3%
3.263407427	2	0.1%

total sulfur dioxide
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	144
Distinct (%)	9.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	7.109871027 × 10^-17

Minimum	-1.23058377
Maximum	7.37515394
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	976
Negative (%)	61.0%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.23058377
5-th percentile	-1.078538934
Q1	-0.744040295
median	-0.2574968202
Q3	0.4723183919
95-th percentile	1.995807647
Maximum	7.37515394
Range	8.60573771
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.216358687

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.406935285 × 10¹⁶
Kurtosis	3.809824488
Mean	7.109871027 × 10^-17
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5473614091
Skewness	1.515531258
Sum	7.105427358 × 10^-14
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.5615864919	43	2.7%
-0.6832223606	36	2.3%
-0.9569030652	35	2.2%
-0.8656761637	35	2.2%
-0.7136313278	34	2.1%
-0.9873120323	33	2.1%
-0.8048582293	33	2.1%
-0.4703595904	32	2.0%
-0.2574968202	31	1.9%
-0.5919954591	30	1.9%
Other values (134)	1257	78.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.23058377	3	0.2%
-1.200174803	4	0.3%
-1.169765835	14	0.9%
-1.139356868	14	0.9%
-1.108947901	27	1.7%
-1.078538934	26	1.6%
-1.048129967	29	1.8%
-1.017721	28	1.8%
-0.9873120323	33	2.1%
-0.9569030652	35	2.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.37515394	1	0.1%
7.040655301	1	0.1%
3.604442011	1	0.1%
3.452397175	1	0.1%
3.300352339	1	0.1%
3.239534405	1	0.1%
3.209125437	1	0.1%
3.17871647	2	0.1%
3.117898536	1	0.1%
3.087489569	2	0.1%

density
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	436
Distinct (%)	27.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-3.470505795 × 10^-14

Minimum	-3.538731398
Maximum	3.680055125
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	798
Negative (%)	49.9%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-3.538731398
5-th percentile	-1.668843083
Q1	-0.607755666
median	0.001760083001
Q3	0.5768249418
95-th percentile	1.724304591
Maximum	3.680055125
Range	7.218786523
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.184580608

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-2.882325809 × 10¹³
Kurtosis	0.9340790655
Mean	-3.470505795 × 10^-14
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.5989154751
Skewness	0.07128766295
Sum	-5.551933913 × 10^-11
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2402662457	36	2.3%
0.02826076774	35	2.2%
0.4522717236	35	2.2%
0.6642772015	29	1.8%
-0.2897474491	28	1.8%
0.5582744625	26	1.6%
-0.1837447102	25	1.6%
1.406296374	24	1.5%
0.1342635067	24	1.5%
0.7702799404	23	1.4%
Other values (426)	1314	82.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-3.538731398	2	0.1%
-3.469829618	1	0.1%
-3.236623592	2	0.1%
-3.151821401	1	0.1%
-3.130620853	1	0.1%
-2.939815923	1	0.1%
-2.780811815	1	0.1%
-2.759611267	1	0.1%
-2.743710856	1	0.1%
-2.727810445	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.680055125	2	0.1%
3.420348414	1	0.1%
3.39384773	3	0.2%
3.256044169	1	0.1%
3.102340198	2	0.1%
3.006937732	2	0.1%
2.89033472	2	0.1%
2.83733335	2	0.1%
2.678329242	1	0.1%
2.519325133	2	0.1%

pH
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	90
Distinct (%)	5.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.987153406 × 10^-15

Minimum	-3.713692856
Maximum	4.53570697
Zeros	5
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Negative	817
Negative (%)	51.1%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-3.713692856
5-th percentile	-1.635103923
Q1	-0.6607653611
median	-0.01120631972
Q3	0.5733968175
95-th percentile	1.677647188
Maximum	4.53570697
Range	8.249399826
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.234162179

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	5.033898435 × 10¹⁴
Kurtosis	0.8342418229
Mean	1.987153406 × 10^-15
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.6495590414
Skewness	0.1895960525
Sum	3.18101101 × 10^-12
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.07616222386	57	3.6%
0.313573201	56	3.5%
-0.3359858404	53	3.3%
0.5084409134	48	3.0%
0.4434850093	48	3.0%
-0.141118128	46	2.9%
0.05374958442	45	2.8%
0.1836613927	43	2.7%
-0.2060740321	42	2.6%
-0.7257212653	39	2.4%
Other values (80)	1122	70.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-3.713692856	1	0.1%
-2.934222006	1	0.1%
-2.869266102	1	0.1%
-2.804310198	2	0.1%
-2.739354294	4	0.3%
-2.674398389	1	0.1%
-2.544486581	4	0.3%
-2.479530677	3	0.2%
-2.414574773	4	0.3%
-2.349618869	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.53570697	2	0.1%
3.821192024	2	0.1%
3.496412504	1	0.1%
3.041721175	2	0.1%
2.846853462	1	0.1%
2.781897558	1	0.1%
2.65198575	3	0.2%
2.587029846	4	0.3%
2.522073942	1	0.1%
2.457118038	4	0.3%

sulphates
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	96
Distinct (%)	6.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.754377476 × 10^-16

Minimum	-1.936507291
Maximum	7.918676552
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	964
Negative (%)	60.3%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.936507291
5-th percentile	-1.110324214
Q1	-0.638219599
median	-0.2251280607
Q3	0.4240157852
95-th percentile	1.604277323
Maximum	7.918676552
Range	9.855183842
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.062235384

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.480984511 × 10¹⁵
Kurtosis	11.72025073
Mean	6.754377476 × 10^-16
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4721046152
Skewness	2.428672354
Sum	1.080024958 × 10^-12
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.3431542145	69	4.3%
-0.4611803683	68	4.3%
-0.6972326759	68	4.3%
-0.2251280607	61	3.8%
-0.5792065221	60	3.8%
-0.5201934452	55	3.4%
-0.7562457528	51	3.2%
-0.4021672914	51	3.2%
-0.638219599	50	3.1%
-0.1661149838	48	3.0%
Other values (86)	1018	63.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.936507291	1	0.1%
-1.700454983	2	0.1%
-1.582428829	6	0.4%
-1.523415753	4	0.3%
-1.405389599	5	0.3%
-1.346376522	8	0.5%
-1.287363445	16	1.0%
-1.228350368	12	0.8%
-1.169337291	18	1.1%
-1.110324214	19	1.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.918676552	1	0.1%
7.800650398	1	0.1%
7.623611167	2	0.1%
5.676179629	1	0.1%
5.617166552	1	0.1%
5.499140399	1	0.1%
5.322101168	1	0.1%
4.14183963	3	0.2%
4.023813476	1	0.1%
3.964800399	1	0.1%

alcohol
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	65
Distinct (%)	4.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.299426135 × 10^-16

Minimum	-1.898918597
Maximum	4.202452586
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	916
Negative (%)	57.3%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-1.898918597
5-th percentile	-1.147980605
Q1	-0.8663788579
median	-0.2093081152
Q3	0.6354971255
95-th percentile	1.949638611
Maximum	4.202452586
Range	6.101371183
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.501875983

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	7.698112381 × 10¹⁵
Kurtosis	0.2000293113
Mean	1.299426135 × 10^-16
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.6570707427
Skewness	0.8608288069
Sum	1.580402476 × 10^-13
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.8663788579	139	8.7%
-0.9602461069	103	6.4%
-0.584777111	78	4.9%
-1.147980605	72	4.5%
-0.3970426131	67	4.2%
0.07229363171	67	4.2%
-1.054113356	59	3.7%
0.5416298765	59	3.7%
-0.772511609	59	3.7%
-0.67864436	54	3.4%
Other values (55)	842	52.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-1.898918597	2	0.1%
-1.805051348	1	0.1%
-1.61731685	2	0.1%
-1.523449601	2	0.1%
-1.335715103	30	1.9%
-1.288781478	1	0.1%
-1.241847854	23	1.4%
-1.147980605	72	4.5%
-1.116691522	1	0.1%
-1.10104698	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.202452586	1	0.1%
3.357647345	7	0.4%
2.98217835	4	0.3%
2.950889267	1	0.1%
2.888311101	1	0.1%
2.794443852	3	0.2%
2.700576603	3	0.2%
2.606709354	1	0.1%
2.512842105	2	0.1%
2.418974856	6	0.4%

quality
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.443669392 × 10^-17

Minimum	-3.265164633
Maximum	2.928190347
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	744
Negative (%)	46.5%
Memory size	12.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-3.265164633
5-th percentile	-0.7878226409
Q1	-0.7878226409
median	0.450848355
Q3	0.450848355
95-th percentile	1.689519351
Maximum	2.928190347
Range	6.19335498
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.238670996

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.000312842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.251096456 × 10¹⁶
Kurtosis	0.2967081198
Mean	4.443669392 × 10^-17
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.238670996
Skewness	0.2178015755
Sum	7.105427358 × 10^-14
Variance	1.000625782
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.7878226409	681	42.6%
0.450848355	638	39.9%
1.689519351	199	12.4%
-2.026493637	53	3.3%
2.928190347	18	1.1%
-3.265164633	10	0.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-3.265164633	10	0.6%
-2.026493637	53	3.3%
-0.7878226409	681	42.6%
0.450848355	638	39.9%
1.689519351	199	12.4%
2.928190347	18	1.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.928190347	18	1.1%
1.689519351	199	12.4%
0.450848355	638	39.9%
-0.7878226409	681	42.6%
-2.026493637	53	3.3%
-3.265164633	10	0.6%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
0	-0.528360	0.952113	-1.391472	-0.434776	-0.243707	-0.466193	-0.379133	0.558274	1.287912	-0.579207	-0.960246	-0.787823
1	-0.298547	1.921761	-1.391472	0.055966	0.223875	0.872638	0.624363	0.028261	-0.725721	0.128950	-0.584777	-0.787823
2	-0.298547	1.275329	-1.186070	-0.154352	0.096353	-0.083669	0.229047	0.134264	-0.335986	-0.048089	-0.584777	-0.787823
3	1.654856	-1.310399	1.484154	-0.434776	-0.264960	0.107592	0.411500	0.664277	-0.985545	-0.461180	-0.584777	0.450848
4	-0.528360	0.952113	-1.391472	-0.434776	-0.243707	-0.466193	-0.379133	0.558274	1.287912	-0.579207	-0.960246	-0.787823
5	-0.528360	0.736635	-1.391472	-0.504882	-0.264960	-0.274931	-0.196679	0.558274	1.287912	-0.579207	-0.960246	-0.787823
6	-0.241094	0.413419	-1.083370	-0.645094	-0.392483	-0.083669	0.381091	-0.183745	-0.076162	-1.169337	-0.960246	-0.787823
7	-0.585813	0.682766	-1.391472	-0.925519	-0.477498	-0.083669	-0.774449	-1.137769	0.508441	-1.110324	-0.397043	1.689519
8	-0.298547	0.305681	-1.288771	-0.364670	-0.307468	-0.657454	-0.865676	0.028261	0.313573	-0.520193	-0.866379	1.689519
9	-0.470907	-0.125274	0.457144	2.509679	-0.349975	0.107592	1.688677	0.558274	0.248617	0.837107	0.072294	-0.787823

Last rows

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
1589	-0.987984	1.086786	-0.364463	3.701483	-0.307468	1.255161	0.989271	0.505273	-0.141118	-0.697233	-1.147981	-0.787823
1590	-1.160343	0.144073	-0.621215	-0.504882	-0.222453	0.968269	-0.348724	-1.911589	0.053750	0.955133	1.104833	0.450848
1591	-1.677421	1.167590	-0.929318	-0.574988	0.032592	0.011961	-0.622404	-1.445177	2.327206	-0.579207	1.104833	0.450848
1592	-1.160343	-0.071405	-0.723916	-0.154352	-0.243707	1.255161	-0.196679	-0.533554	0.703309	0.542042	0.541630	0.450848
1593	-0.873078	0.521158	-0.980669	-0.434776	-0.413736	1.159531	-0.257497	-0.125443	0.703309	0.955133	-0.866379	0.450848
1594	-1.217796	0.413419	-0.980669	-0.364670	0.053845	1.542054	-0.075043	-0.978765	0.898176	-0.461180	0.072294	-0.787823
1595	-1.390155	0.144073	-0.877968	-0.224458	-0.541259	2.211469	0.137820	-0.862162	1.352868	0.601055	0.729364	0.450848
1596	-1.160343	-0.071405	-0.723916	-0.154352	-0.243707	1.255161	-0.196679	-0.533554	0.703309	0.542042	0.541630	0.450848
1597	-1.390155	0.655831	-0.775267	-0.364670	-0.264960	1.542054	-0.075043	-0.676657	1.677647	0.305990	-0.209308	-0.787823
1598	-1.332702	-1.148791	1.021999	0.757027	-0.434990	0.203223	-0.135861	-0.666057	0.508441	0.010924	0.541630	0.450848

Most frequently occurring

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality	# duplicates
21	-0.930531	-0.340751	-0.159061	-0.574988	-0.222453	0.203223	-0.379133	-1.031767	0.508441	-0.343154	0.166161	0.450848	4
51	-0.643266	-0.879445	0.970649	-0.294564	-0.286214	0.777007	-0.075043	-0.745559	0.573397	1.132173	0.541630	1.689519	4
61	-0.643266	0.925178	-0.723916	-0.364670	-0.243707	-0.370562	-0.804858	-0.681958	-0.141118	-0.697233	-0.303175	-0.787823	4
78	-0.470907	-0.071405	-1.288771	-0.574988	-0.073677	-0.274931	-0.470360	-0.724359	0.313573	-0.697233	0.072294	0.450848	4
5	-1.332702	-0.125274	-1.391472	-0.785306	-0.647527	-0.083669	-0.622404	-1.201371	0.313573	-1.228350	-0.866379	-0.787823	3
12	-1.102890	0.628897	-0.313113	-0.504882	-0.137438	-0.179300	-0.470360	0.075962	1.807559	0.010924	-0.584777	-0.787823	3
37	-0.758172	0.682766	-1.288771	-0.294564	-0.456244	-0.753085	-0.652813	0.240266	1.028088	0.069937	-0.866379	0.450848	3
38	-0.758172	0.898243	-1.032019	-0.014140	0.075099	-0.083669	-0.774449	-0.544154	0.443485	-0.343154	0.823232	0.450848	3
58	-0.643266	0.575027	-1.391472	-0.434776	0.202621	-0.179300	-0.257497	0.001760	0.378529	-0.461180	-1.335715	0.450848	3
101	-0.298547	0.413419	-0.056360	-0.364670	-0.158692	1.446423	2.570537	-0.279147	-0.660765	-0.815259	-0.490910	-0.787823	3

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequently occurring